Lotnictwo Archives - Strona 11 z 13

Braking Action.

BRAKE PROBLEMS

ATC:

Inform pilot about runway length and condition (długość i stan)
Monitor height, speed, distance from touchdown
Plan ahead the pending (oczekujący) traffic, consider assigning priority (przydzielenie pierwszeństwa) to the arrivals if necessary due to possibility of blocked runway (ze względu na możliwość zablokowania pasa)
Make arrangements for towing equipment (sprzęt holujący) to be on stand-by as appropriate
Request help of technical staff required to inspect and assess the damage to the aircraft as appropriate
If pilot reports vibrations during the take-off/landing roll – consider possible tyre burst/debris (pozostałości/ szczątki) on the runway and make the necessary arrangements for runway inspection. Inform the pilot if tyre burst has occurred, especially important if it took place after take-off.

Best practice embedded in the ASSIST principle could be followed (A – Acknowledge; S – Separate, S – Silence; I – Inform, S – Support, T – Time):
A – acknowledge the emergency, inform the crew if fire/smoke is observed from the undercarriage area;
S – separate the aircraft and if necessary prioritise it for landing (nadać pierszeństwo do lądowania), allow long final if requested, keep the active runway clear of departures, arrivals and vehicles;
S – silence the non-urgent calls (as required) and use separate frequency where possible;
I – inform the airport emergency fire rescue services and all concerned parties according to local procedures; as tower controller expect airport authorities to execute their emergency plan; inform the supervisor and other sectors/units concerned;
S – support the flight by providing any information requested and necessary such as type of approach, runway length and aerodrome details, etc.
T – provide time for the crew to assess the situation (ocenić sytuację), don’t press with non urgent matters.

WATCH THE FILM AND LEARN THE WORDS!

Moduł językowy opracowany na podstawie materiału:

http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Brake_Problems:_Guidance_for_Controllers

09/01/2017/Autor Szymon Janicki

Lotnictwo – ICAO Level 4/ q. 4

Loss of Positional Orientation.

The common outcomes of the pilot’s unawareness of the exact position (nieświadomość/ brak wiedzy na tempt dokładnej pozycji):

airspace infringement (naruszenie przestrzeni)
loss of separation
loss of controlled flight into terrain (CFIFT- kontrolowany lot ku ziemi)

In mountainous terrain, or in deteriorating weather conditions (pogarszające się warunki pogodowe), the pilot may get into a situation where they do not have the aircraft performance or skills to avoid impact with terrain (uniknąć zderzenia z ziemią).

The pilot is unable to correctly interpret aircraft attitude (położenie statku powietrznego), altitude or airspeed, then the outcome may be loss of control and CFIT.

Additional problems:
1. High level of stress in the cockpit

2. Non-standard phraseology

3. Random combination of maneuvers ( przypadkowa kombinacja/ sekwencja manewrów) – the pilot might start manoeuvring in order to gain visual contact (uzyskać kontakt wzrokowy) with terrain regardless of unsafe proximity (niezależnie od niebezpiecznie bliskiej odległości) to terrain, danger areas and reserved airspace areas.

ATC:

Advise the aircraft to climb to the minimum safe altitude while maintaining the flight in VMC.
Ask the pilot if able to climb at the safe altitude and maintain the flight into VMC
If it is reported that visual contact with terrain is lost and it cannot be re-established (odzyskana/ uzyskana ponownie) without descending (obniżenie pułapu lotu) and that there is a risk of collision with terrain, instruct the aircraft crew to climb as necessary, underline the need for urgent action (podkreślić konieczność podjęcia błyskawicznych działań) (climb due low altitude/due terrain etc.)
Consult the minimum sector altitude chart and provide information to the pilot about the minimum safe altitudes.
Clear all other aircraft in the vicinity (w sąsiedztwie) of the aircraft in the abnormal situation, providing space for manoeuvres
Instruct the pilot to squawk 7700
Provide a separate frequency to the aircraft if the main operational frequency is busy
Inform the pilot as necessary about the distance to the nearest suitable aerodrome(s) and landing conditions (najbliższe odpowiednie lotnisko oraz warunki pogodowe)
Provide time for the crew to decide on what course of action will be the safest, give time to assess options such as fuel , possibility to return back to the departure aerodrome or to deviate to the most suitable one
Provide navigational assistance to the crew as necessary by informing of magnetic track and distance to the aerodrome or specific geographical location
Assist the crew to identify a certain runway as necessary
In case visual acquisition of the runway is not achieved and it is apparent that the pilot will continue the approach in IFR and/or marginal VMC:
Inform the airport emergency services and all concerned parties according to local procedures;
Ask if dangerous goods are on board;
Ask for number of Persons On Board (POB);
Clear RWY according to local instructions;
Keep safety strip clear.

Moduł językowy przygotowany na podstawie: http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/VFR_Loss_of_Positional_Orientation:_Guidance_for_Controllers

09/01/2017/Autor Szymon Janicki

Lotnictwo – ICAO Level 4/ q. 4

Emergency descent.

There are various reasons why the flight crew might initiate an emergency descent, usually:

loss of pressurisation
in-flight fire.
That crew shall:
1. Initiate a turn away from the assigned route or track before commencing the emergency descent
2. Advise the appropriate air traffic control unit as soon as possible of the emergency descent
3. Set transponder to Code 7700 and select the Emergency Mode on the ADS/CPDLC system, if applicable
4. Turn on aircraft exterior lights (zewnętrzne oświetlenie)
5. Watch for conflicting traffic both visually and by reference to ACAS
5. Coordinate its further intentions with the appropriate ATC unit

The actions taken by the controller:

acknowledge (potwierdzić) the emergency on RTF
provide (zapewnić) separation or issue essential traffic information
state the applicable minimum safe altitude (określić/podać minimalny bezpieczny pułap lotu), if necessary (REMEMBER: The aircraft should not descend below the lowest published minimum altitude which will provide a minimum vertical clearance of 300m (1000 ft) or in designated mountainous terrain 600m (2000 ft) above all obstacles located in the area specified.)
make an emergency broadcast if necessary
after emergency descent, and when the situation permits, ask for pilot intentions and other important information, such as :
Intention to divert
Injuries sustained by occupants (kontuzje/ obrażenia osób na pokładzie)
Damage to aircraft
Consider the aircraft as remaining in an emergency situation until confirmed otherwise. The aircraft could be ready to continue flight without any further complications after the emergency descent if no structural damage was sustained (jeśli structure static powietrznego nie została naruszona) and there are no significant system malfunctions (znaczące zakłócenia pracy systemu). However, be aware than often a crew is unable to assess the type or extent of any damage whilst in flight.ATC

THE RECORDING

Moduł językowy opracowany na podstawie: http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Emergency_Descent:_Guidance_for_Controllers

09/01/2017/Autor Szymon Janicki

Lotnictwo – ICAO Level 4/ q. 4

Engine Failure.

The following technical problems could be precursors to engine malfunction (nieprawidłowa praca silnika) and engine failure (awaria silnika), and the crew might decide to shut down the problematic engine if there is:

low oil pressure indication (wskazanie)
high oil temperature indication
Excessive (zbyt wysokie/ nadmierne) engine vibrationsThe engine failure might result in:

Rejected Take Off
Pressurisation Problems
Control difficulties
Fuel Dumping
FL Change

Od 1.17′:

THE RECORDING

Od 0.30′:

THE RECORDING

Moduł językowy opracowany na podstawie: http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Engine_Failure:_Guidance_for_Controllers

09/01/2017/Autor Szymon Janicki

Lotnictwo – ICAO Level 4/ q. 4

Bird Strike (2).

A bird strike may result in:

Broken windshield (szyba przednia) / canopy (osłona kabiny)
Engine failure (single or multiple engines)
Hydraulic problems
Handling difficulties
Electrical problems
Landing Gear problems
Crew incapacitation (niezdolność załogi do pracy)
Anticipated Impact on Crew (przewidywany wpływ na załogę, jakość pracy, etc.)

If a flight has experienced a bird strike, the controller may anticipate:

Rejected take-off
Immediate return to land
Landing at the next suitable aerodrome
Restricted visibility from the flight deck
Impaired aircraft control during the landing roll

ATC should:

acknowledge the bird strike (potwierdź informację/ uzyskanie informacji ), ask for the crews’ intentions when the situation permits, minimise frequency changes, and establish (dowiedz się/ ustal) whether the crew is able to control the aircraft
separate the aircraft from other traffic, prioritise it for landing (allow long final if requested), keep the active runway clear of departures, arrivals and vehicles
silence the non-urgent calls (as required) and use separate frequency where possible
inform the airport emergency services and all concerned parties according to local procedures
support the flight experiencing the consequences of the bird strike with any information requested and deemed necessary (informacje uznane za niezbędne) (e.g. type of approach, runway length and aerodrome details, etc.)
provide time for the crew to assess the situation, don’t press with non urgent matters
in case of a bird strike occurring on take-off or landing, the runway must be checked to ensure it is clean from any debris and/or bird remains. Bird remains should be kept to assist any subsequent investigation and, if necessary, passed to an appropriate authority for identification.

THE RECORDING

Moduł językowy opracowany na podstawie: http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Bird_Strike:_Guidance_for_Controllers

09/01/2017/Autor Szymon Janicki

Lotnictwo – ICAO Level 4/ q. 4

Fuel Emergency.

The declaration of “MINIMUM FUEL” informs ATC that, for a specific aerodrome of intended landing, the aircraft has sufficient fuel remaining (wystarczająca ilość paliwa) to follow the cleared routing, execute an arrival and approach procedure and land with the required fuel reserves. However, there is little or no extra fuel on board and any change to the existing clearance could result in landing with less than planned final reserve fuel.

MINIMUM FUEL is not a declaration which confers any special treatment by ATC, i.e. it is not an emergency situation, but merely an information message. However, controllers should bear in mind that an emergency situation is possible should any additional delay occur.

The controller should:

clarify with the flight crew the actual fuel status
if possible keep the aircraft at high altitudes to save fuel
inform the crew about the distance to the nearest suitable aerodrome(s) and landing conditions
ask if there are dangerous goods on board
ask for number of Persons On Board (POB)
clear RWY according to local instructions

THE RECORDING

09/01/2017/Autor Szymon Janicki

Lotnictwo – ICAO Level 4/ q. 4

Sliding Off the Runway.

01:44′ Are you off the runway?- Czy jesteś poza pasem?

01:45′ Konstrukcja ‘to be going to’ – wyrażanie zamiaru, planu … ale także przewidywanie na podstawie zauważalnych przesłanek. 02:43′ We are going to get some help for you.

01: 59′ require assistance- wymagać/ potrzebować pomocy/ wsparcia

02:03′ state the nature of emergency- podać charakter/ naturę sytuacji nagłej

ATC asked the pilot to state the nature of the emergency. ATC told the pilot to…. ATC told the pilot not to …

02:07′ on the end

THE RECORDING

02:15′ we exited the prepared surface- zjechaliśmy z przygotowanej nawierzchni/ pasa.

The pilot said that he exited the prepared runway.

02:40′ it would appear that/ it appears that- wydaje się, że …

02:40′ snow covered- przysypany śniegiem/ pokryty śniegiem

02:43′ We will let the controller know …- Poinformujemy kontrolera …

02:50′ Do you want us to …

03:10 assess the situation- ocenić sytuację/ find out the best course of action- określić najlepszy przebieg/ ciąg zdarzeń/ rozwiązanie