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Aviation Future: Flying Cars. Business / Technology

Beginners:

  • close to reality- bliski rzeczywistości/ realizacji, etc.

The concept of the German company is close to reality – Zaproponowana przez niemiecką firmę koncepcja jest bliska rzeczywistości.

Intermediate:

  • capable of- zdolny do…/ będący w stanie …

The concept vehicle is capable of flying for 190 miles – Pojazd koncepcyjny jest w stanie pokonać odległość 190 mil.

Advanced:

  • at price comparable to … – w cenie porównywalnej do … 

The flying cars will be available at the prices comparable to the premium cars-  Latające samochody będą dostępne w cenie porównywalnej do samochodów segmentu premium.

Full text:

  • appears to be  close to reality – wydaje się być bliski realizacji/ rzeczywistości
  • complete – zakończyć / ukończyć
  • Munich-based – mająca siedzibę/ zlokalizowana w Monachium
  • capable of – będący w stanie/ zdolny do …

The concept of flying cars appears to be  close to reality , after a German company completed successful test flights of a “flying taxi”. Munich-based  Lilium, said the planned five-seater jet, which will be capable of vertical take-off and landing, could be used for urban air-taxi and ride-sharing services. Lilium’s range is 190 miles and cruising speed of 186mph, is the only electric aircraft capable of  both vertical take-off and jet-powered flight.

  • at prices comparable  … – to w cenach porównywalnych do …
  • potential competitors to … – potencjalni konkurenci dla …
  • aims to …  – zamierza/ ma na celu

The jet, whose power consumption is comparable to an electric car, could offer passenger flights at prices comparable to normal taxis but with speeds five times faster. Potential competitors to Lilium Jet include much bigger players such as Airbus, the maker of commercial airliners and helicopters that aims to  test a prototype self-piloted, single-seat “flying car” later in 2017.

  • face obstacles  – walczyc z przeszkodami
  • the public –  opinia publiczna

But makers of “flying cars” still face obstacles, including convincing governments  and the public that their products can be used safely. Governments are still working on the regulations for drones and driverless cars.

 

 

 

/Autor
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Dangerous Passengers on Board.

Dzisiaj wpis z mojego lotniczego bloga: IMPROVE-YOUR-AVIATION-ENGLISH BLOG NA ICAO4U.PL    W tym wpisie zaznaczamy wyłącznie słowa i wyrażenia, które ilustrują wykorzystanie terminologii prawniczej w kontekście lotnictwa.

WYMOWA SŁÓW I WYRAŻEŃ:

  • sentence to life in prison- skazać na wyrok dożywotniego więzienia
  • hijack threat- groźba porwania
  • result in emergency landing- spowodować/zakończyć się lądowaniem awaryjnym

An Indian businessman was sentenced to life in prison on Tuesday for a hijack threat on a domestic flight in 2017 that resulted in an emergency landing.

  • resident- mieszkaniec/ citizen- obywatel
  • charge sb. with/ for  sth.- postawić komuś zarzut ______
  • pose threat to safety- stanowić (być) zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa
  • fine- grzywna/ wymierzyć grzywnę
  • compensation to the crew and passengers- odszkodowanie dla załogi i pasażerów
Birju Kishor Salla, a resident of Mumbai, was arrested and charged for posing a threat to the safety of passengers and crew on board a plane. He was also fined 50 million rupees ($720,000), which a special court ruled would be given as compensation to the crew and passengers.
  • get compensation – otrzymać odszkodowanie
The 2017 incident, on a flight from Mumbai to New Delhi, resulted in the grounding of the plane belonging to the now-defunct Jet Airways airline. Each pilot will get compensation of 100,000 rupees out of the fine amount, while each member of the cabin crew will receive 50,000 rupees, and each passenger will be paid 25,000 rupees.
  • pass act – przyjąć prawo/ ustawę
  • tighten (previous) legislation – zaostrzyć (dotychczas) obowiązujące prawo
Salla’s case was the first one registered under India’s new anti-hijacking act passed in 2016. The latest law has tightened previous legislation and expands the scope of the expression ‘hijacking’ to include threats.
  • explosives- materiały wybuchowe
The NIA stated in court that a female flight attendant “found a threat note in the washroom of the business class of the plane which stated that, ‘There are hijackers on board and explosives on the plane.’ The plane immediately called for an emergency landing.
  • attempt to seize control of an aircraft – próba przejęcia kontroli nad statkiem powietrznym
  • make threats/ threaten – grozić 
Investigators were able to trace the note to Salla and charged him last year for attempting to seize control of an aircraft and for making threats.
  • intentionally commit the offense – umyślnie popełnić przestępstwo
  • disrupt the operation – zakłócić przebieg lotu
  • jeopardize the safety – stanowić realne zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa
It was later established that accused Salla intentionally committed the offense of disrupting the operation of aircraft, jeopardizing the safety of the passengers and crew members on board.
/Autor
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Weather First:)

Weather is extremely important in all stages of the flight (na wszystkich etapach lotu). Bad weather may pose several dangers and challenges  (może przedstawiać wiele niebezpieczeństw i wyzwań) for the pilot. Here are several types of weather phenomena (zjawiska) which may cause problems:

  1. strong winds and changing directions of the wind
  2. sudden windshear (uskok wiatru), especially at( tutaj: PODCZAS)  landing
  3. low visibility
  4. crosswind at landing when the airfield has only one runway
  5. storm and lightning
  6. ice and snow on the runway/ taxi ways and apron
  7. icing

During our meeting I will ask you the following questions. Please, prepare the answers and use the words suggested. Podczas najbliższego spotkania zadam Wam następujące pytania. Proszę, przygotujcie kilkuzdaniowe odpowiedzi wykorzystując sugerowane słowa.

  1. How dangerous is the wind shear? As a consequence of wind shear…./ Wind shear may result in …- uskok wiatru może spowodować/ wywołać…/ turbulence/ very dangerous/ landing stage/ suddenly.
  2. What would you do in case of (w przypadku)  wind shear? Carry out the procedure/ go round/ divert to another airport/
  3. What are the dangerous consequences of the ice and snow on the runway? Skidding off (zjechanie z …/ ześlizgnięcie się z …) the runway/ slowing down the aircraft during the takeoff (spowolnienie/ zahamowanie samolotu podczas startu)
  4. What should the pilot consider (rozważyć- baaaardzo ważne słowo;) when he approaches the airport and receives the information (otrzymuje informację)  about the storm? He should…/ divert/ safety of the passengers and the crew/ the most important principle (najważniejsza zasada)
  5. What may happen if the airplane is suddenly in the middle of the storm? Lightning may strike the airplane/ severe turbulence.

Vocabulary:

rain: heavy rain (obfity opad deszczu), shower  (przelotny deszcz)  drizzle  (mżawka)  downpour  (ulewa)

hale (grad)

sleet– deszcz ze śniegiem It is sleeting- Pada deszcz ze śniegiem Pamiętajmy, że w odniesieiu do pogody w języku angielskim nie istnieje odpowiednik polskiego “pada”:))). Od rzeczownika “snow” tworzymy czasownik: It snows lub It is snowing. It rains lub It is raining, itd.

Wind shear and crosswind landing (otwórzcie pełny widok okna- zobaczycie napisy!!!) :

0:38′ Repeat the ATC message:

1:00′ Repeat the ATC message:

1:47′ Repeat the ATC message:

WATCH THE FILM AND LEARN THE WORDS!

Describe the weather conditions at takeoff:

THE FILM

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Of course, modern airplanes are much better equipped than in the past, but severe weather conditions can be very dangerous.

/Autor
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Security in the Air.

Aviation has been the target of terrorism (cel ataków terrorystycznych) for decades. The security measures (środki bezpieczeństwa) are very strict and prevent (zapobiegać ) the terrorist acts. Aviation security specialists learn from the experience of the attacks which happened in the past. Some hijackings (porwania) of the commercial airplanes resulted in the death of many passengers. Since 1981 bomb explosion over Lockerbie, only the luggage of the passengers who check in is allowed in the hold (luk bagażowy) and cabin . Since September 11, 2001 suicide attacks (ataki samobójcze) the security precautions are even tighter.

Security precautions:

  • anything that can be potentially used as weapon is strictly forbidden (surowo zakazany/ zabroniony) in the cabin
  • screening the luggage taken to the cabin and the hold for the explosives (materiały wybuchowe)
  • verifying the identity of passengers, including: fingerprints and biometric profiling
  • the presence of armed air marshals (uzbojeni pracownicy ochrony) onboard in the United States
  • only the passengers, no guests, are allowed to enter the plane.

There are  ways the passengers can all of a sudden (nagle) become dangerous. For example air rage (atak furii w powietrzu). There are many potential reasons of such behavior: fear of flying, fear of enclosed spaces (strach przed przebywaniem w zamkniętych pomieszczeniach), the stress resulting from all the control procedures, mental problems  (problemy psychiczne), etc. Cabin crew undergo special training (przejść specjalne szkolenie) on how to deal with passengers in such circumstances (okoliczności). Some airlines limited the amount of alcohol they serve or even stopped alcohol serving on short haul flights (loty krótkie).

Answer the questions:

  1. What should a pilot do when he has a passenger in panic?
  2. The security officer asked the owner of the camera not to point it at the airplane. Why? Do you agree? THE VIDEO
  3. Watch the video. Take notes. Report back the rules (obejrzyj nagranie/ zrób notatki/ powtórz jak najwięcej zasad/przepisów) THE VIDEO Może przydać Ci się tutaj teoria trybu rozkazującego: https://ilcs.eu/tryb-rozkazujacy/
/Autor
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Fire Emergency.

large quantities of fuel- duże ilości paliwa

safety precautions- środki bezpieczeństwa

strict guidelines- ścisłe zalecenia

availability of fire-extinguishers- dostępność gaśnic

Fire is considered to be one of the most dangerous emergency situations which may happen to the pilots and the passengers. With the large quantities of fuel, the engines working, etc. the risk of fire is always high. The safety precautions include the careful selection of the materials for the construction of the cabin, very strict guidelines regarding what the passengers are allowed to take on board, the availability of fire-extinguishers, etc.

in case of fire (occurrences)- na wypadek (wystąpienia) pożaru

shut down the affected engine- wyłączyć objety pożarem silnik

feather the propeller blades- ustawić łopaty śmigła pod kątem, który wywołuje najmniejszy opór powietrza

continue to the scheduled destination- kontynuować lot do celu

request to be diverted to the alternative airport- poprosić o skierowanie na alternatywne lotnisko

There are many emergency procedures in case of fire occurrences, they depend on many factors, i.e. the location of the fire: if the fire starts in the engine, the usual procedure is to shut down the affected engine and feather the propeller blades   of the engine. The pilot may continue to the scheduled destination  or request to be diverted to the alternative airport .

deploy rescue services to assist the crew- wysłać służby ratunkowe aby udzielić pomocy/ wspomóc załogę

fire-on-board induced landing- lądowanie awaryjne spowodowane pożarem na pokładzie

evacuation effectively performed within 90 seconds- skutecznie przeprowadzona ewakuacja w czasie 90 sekund

trained to deal with the situation properly- szkoleni aby właściwie radzić sobie z sytuacją

Whenever there is an emergency landing the rescue services are deployed to assist the crew, the passengers and the airplane in case the fire starts.  In case of fire-on -board induced emergency  landing , there is a lot of information that the ATC officer provides to the rescue services. According the the regulations the evacuation of passengers should be effectively performed/ carried out within 90 seconds . Both the cabin crew and rescue services are trained to deal with  the situation properly.

Listen to the recording and practice repeating the messages:

THE RECORDING

Summarize the situation:

THE SITUATION 1

THE SITUATION 2

Describe the pictures:

/Autor
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Medical Problems in the Air.

responsible for … – odpowiedzialny za …

provide with…-  zapewnić/ dostarczyć…

relevant medical care- odpowiednia/ właściwa opieka medyczna

recognize the situation properly- odpowiednio/ właściwie rozpoznać sytuację

request assistance- poprosić o pomoc

appropriately- odpowiednio/ właściwie.

It is the cabin crew who are responsible for assisting the passengers and provide them with relevant medical care if this is needed. The airline pilots are not trained to intervene in case of the medical emergency on board. Of course it is impossible for the pilots to help physically but they need to recognize the situation properly in order to request adequate assistance from the ATC officers and give/ receive messages appropriately.

common- powszechny

stroke- wylew

bleeding/ haemorrhage-  krwawienie

nausea- nudności

diarrhea- biegunka

choking- zakrztuszenie/ zadławienie

fainting- omdlenie

collapse- utrata świadomości

suffer from...- cierpieć na …

result in …- spowodować/ wywołać …

  1. Proszę odpowiedzieć na pytanie: What are the most common medical emergencies or conditions which may happen on board of the airline plane? Proszę wykorzystać w odpowiedzi następujące wyrażenia: stroke/ heart attack/ bleeding/ nausea/  diarrhea/ choking/ fainting/ collapse.
  2. Proszę odpowiedzieć na pytanie: What would you do if the cabin crew reported that one of the passengers suffered from heart attack? Proszę rozpocząć odpowiedź od: ‘I would inform the ATC that …./ I would ask the cabin crew to …/ I would/ I would’ in form the passengers because …./ I would request the ATC to …../
  3. Proszę odpowiedzieć na pytanie: What situations in the air may make the passengers feel very stressed? Proszę użyć konstrukcji: The common situations which may cause stress in the air are ….. These situations may result in ….. among the passengers.
  4. What do you do to minimize the stress in the cockpit? W odpowiedzi proszę odnieść się do następujących pojęć: family- / work stress/ diet/ sleep/ experience/ education.

The common symptoms of the heart attack are: chest pains, difficulty in breathing and collapse.  The cabin crew should use the cardiac monitor and provide CPR.

The symptoms of the hypoglycaemic episode are sweating, disorientation and dizziness. The cabin crew should give the glucose injections.

There are many symptoms of severe allergic reactions: turning read, scratching, sweating, etc. The problem may really become dangerous if the patient left the medicaments in the hold. The Cabin crew must act promptly. The should inject the antihistamine drugs or adrenaline.

Czasowniki modalne: https://ilcs.eu/czasowniki-modalne-beginners-a/

Po wysłuchaniu nagrania, proszę opisać sytuację: Proszę udzielić następujących informacji: 

  • what is the problem?
  • who has problems?
  • what does the pilot request?
  • what is the condition of the patient?

THE RECORDING

Proszę odpowiedzieć na powyższe pytania także po wysłuchaniu poniższego nagrania:

THE RECORDING

Proszę odpowiedzieć na powyższe pytania także po wysłuchaniu poniższego nagrania:

THE RECORDING

 

 

 

 

/Autor

Flight Control Systems.

When the aircraft was invented the flight control systems were fully mechanical. The pilot used the stick and the pedals to make the roll (przechylenie/ odchylenie), the pitch (pochylenie/ ruch wokół osi poprzecznej) and the yaw (ruch wokół osi pionowej), which are the three basic operations in the air. When the hydraulic systems were implemented (implement the system- wprowadzić system), the pilots didn’t have to use their strength only. The implementation of the electricity systems allowed the fly-by-wire- technology which digitally (cyfrowo) controls the aircraft. Flying under digital command is safe as large aircraft have up to four parallel control computers operating (cztery jednocześnie/ równolegle działające komputery kontrolne) . Thus if one fails (computer blackout) there are three other systems to take over its functions. As a result of the development of the flight control functions the pilots have far less work to do in the cruise phase of the flight.

Odpowiedz na pytanie egzaminacyjne:

  1. Do you think that one day the airplanes will fly autonomously, without the pilots? W odpowiedzi wykorzystaj słowa:
  • aircraft with no pilots on board
  • conduct the cruise and landing phases on autopilot
  • the problem of aborting the take-off
  • in the near future/ not in the near future
  • emergency situations/ the infinite number of things which may go wrong

2. Obejrzyj nagranie i dopowiedz na pytanie: Are humans more reliable than the machines? Why? Why not?

WATCH THE FILM AND LEARN THE WORDS!

Nie zapomnij o wyrażeniach: Traffic Control Avoidance System/ issue avoidance instructions (wydać polecenie/ instrukcje)/ climb/ descend/ descend at the same rate ( w tym samym tempie)/ collide/ TCAS takes priority over conflicting instructions from ATC (TCAS ma pierszeszeństwo and niezgodnymi/ sprzecznymi  instrukcjami ATC).

3. What can a pilot do when the systems fail? Wykorzystaj test Davida Robinson, pilota z 25-letnim doświadczeniem w liniach lotniczych. Tekst opublikowany na quora.com w 2015 roku.

https://www.quora.com/How-does-a-pilot-navigate-an-aircraft-in-the-event-of-a-total-onboard-radio-failure

4. Do you think that Datalink systems (the messages sent electronically by the Air Traffic Control officers) rather than verbal instructions will be a better solution? Wypisz + oraz – Datalink i przygotuj się do ich zaprezentowania/ omówienia (mów z perspektywy pilota)

 

 

 

 

 

/Autor