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Risk of Accidents in Aviation. Business / Technology (4 Registered Users)

Beginners:

  • implement- wprowadzić

Many aviation companies implement new regulations for the workforce – Wiele firm lotniczych wprowadza nowe zasady dla pracowników.

Intermediate:

  • increased risk- zwiększone/ wyższe ryzyko

If there are no resources, the risk of accidents in aviation is increased – Jeśli brakuje środków ryzyko wypadku w lotnictwie jest większe.

Advanced:

  • overstretched workforce- przemęczeni/ zbyt obciążeni obowiązkami pracownicy

Overstretching workforce may result in the occurrence of dangerous situations – Przesadne obciążenie pracowników może spowodować wystąpeinie niebezpiecznych sytuacji.

Full text:

  • increased risk – zwiększone / wyższe ryzyko
  • implement cost-cutting strategies – wprowadzać strategie obniżania / cięcia kosztów
  • ovestretched – przemęczeni / przesadnie obciążeni pracą

Civil  Aviation Authority claims that there is the increased risk of accidents due to the cost-cutting strategies implemented by many airlines as well as overstretched  workforce.

  • resources – środki
  • emergence – powstanie / pojawienie się

Also, the CAA admits that it doesn’t have time and other resources to properly monitor the quality of training…partly also due to the increased popularity of training and emergence of many new aviation schools.

  • affect – dotknąć / dotyczyć / mieść wpływ (negatywny) na …
  • the most critical from the point of view of safety – najistotniejsze z punktu widzenia bezpieczeństwa

The negative consequences are likely to affect the areas which are the most critical from the point of view of safety. Many inspectors have already left the CAA and were employed by the commercial companies, that’s why the organization is significantly understaffed and cannot operate properly. And it is all happening in Great Britain, the country with one of the best safety records in the world and the world’s leading aviation regulator.

WATCH THE FILM AND LEARN THE WORDS!

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Job Market – GREAT Vocabulary. Business (4 Registered Users)

  • admit – przyznać
  • delay payment of the salaries- opóźnić wypłaty pensji
  • reduction of profitability – obniżenie rentowności
  • closing of routes – zamknięcie połączeń
  • adjustment of frequencies – zmiany/ dopasowania w częstotliwości

Hong Kong Arlines admitted  that it had been forced to delay payment of salaries to almost half of its employees due to the reduction of profitability, closing of some routes and the adjustment of frequencies on others. The business has been severely affected by the political unrest.

  • social turmoil – niepokoje społeczne
  • weak demand – niski popyt / małe zapotrzebowanie
  • affect seriously – mieć poważny wpływ

Hong Kong Airlines later said that the continuing social turmoil and the continued weak travel demand were seriously affecting the company’s business. The Company depends directly on the ticket sales for the distribution of salaries: it  largely relies on the revenue from ticket sales to get by.

  • inconvenience- niedogodności
  • overseas employees – zagraniczni pracownicy
  • discontinue – przerwać, tutaj: usunąć/ zrezygnować z …
  • with the power to shut down carriers – mający prawo zamknięcia/ wyłączenia przewoźników

The company apologized to all personnel who didn’t receive the payment of salaries for the inconvenience that it caused.  The airlines also stressed that staff will still provide customers with safe and smooth services in a professional manner.

Overseas employees will be exempted from this delay. Hong Kong Airlines will discontinue some of its  scheduled North American and China continental flights.  The Air Licensing Transport Authority, the body with the power to shut down carriers, warned in late October that it would impose measures on the Airlines if the airline’s financial situation did not improve.

Przyimki, które pojawiły się w tekście:

due to … – ze względu na / z powodu … There are many foreigners learning to fly and become a pilot in Poland due to the fact that obtaining licence is significantly cheaper here.

depend on … – zależeć od … Pilot’s salary depends largely on the job experience, skills and ratings.

rely on … – polegać na … There are more and more airlines which rely on their academies to build up the skills of their future pilots.

apologize to … for … – przeprosić … za … The company apologized to its personnel for not paying yearly bonus on time.

provide with … – zapewnić/ dostarczyć Airlines seem to provide pilots with excellent salaries and additional remuneration packages to make sure that they don’t go elswhere.

exempted from … – wyłączony z … No candidates, irrespective of their skills and experience, will be exempted from the recruitment procedures.

impose on … – nakładać na … (np. obowiązki, przepisy, kary) The airlines which impose lots of additional duties on their pilots and exert excessive pressure on them might soon face understaffing problems.

LINK do materiału video na ten temat

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Criterion / Criteria, nieregularna liczba mnoga w ważnych rzeczownikach. Wszystkie kategorie branżowe (dostęp abonamentowy)

Datum – Data / Phenomenon – Phenomena / Criterion – Criteria

W czasie kilku ostatnich spotkań szkoleniowych online, pojawiły się wątpliwości co do formy liczby mnogiej od ważnych rzeczowników:

  • criterion (kryterium) – liczba mnoga: criteria
  • phenomenon (zjawisko) – liczba mnoga: phenomena
  • datum (informacja, fakt, wielkość liczbowa, czynnik) – liczba mnoga (dane liczbowe, statystyczne, informacje): data

Język angielski w tym przypadku korzysta ze słów pochodzących z języka greckiego, zachowuje nieregularną w tym przypadku liczbę mnogą, bez zwyczajowej dla języka angielskiego końcówki’s’.

Dlatego w przykładach:

  • biznes: What are the most important criteria for the recruitment of new candidates.
  • lotnictwo: Windshear and unexpected turbulence are dangerous weather phenomena
  • medycyna: We have to analyze various data before we decide on the way of treatment for this patient.
  • prawo: There are several dangerous social phenomena which may arise from the present condition of society.

Sprawdźcie wymowę

 

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Is the Golden Age of Travel Gone..? Business / Aviation / Medicine (4Registered Users)

  • scale down – zmniejszać / ograniczać
  • go to the wall – być “pod ścianą”
  • bankruptcies – bankructwa

Due to the coronavirus epidemic, we have seen big carriers scale down and a few smaller ones go to the wall. Bankruptcies and the end of service on some routes are sure to follow.

WYMOWA:

  • early stage of reinstating passenger air service – wstępny etap uruchamiania lotów pasażerskich
  • lockdown – zamknięcie / zakaz wyjścia
  • quarantine – kwarantanna
  • operating restrictions – ograniczenie działalności
  • disruptions – zakłócenia / zaburzenia
  • agility – zwinność / umiejętność / talent
  • perilous – w niebezpieczeństwie/ zagrożony
  • recovery – powrót / wyzdrowienie / wychodzenie z recesji

In some regions of the world, carriers are in the early stages of reinstating passenger air service. Clearly, they are seeking  way through various versions of financial chaos in an uncertain world of partial lockdowns, quarantines, operating restrictions and possible further disruptions. Survival looks to be a matter of cash, agility and luck

But while the immediate future is perilous, the events of the coming months or even couple of years say little about whatrecovery will eventually look like. For the airline industry as a whole, consider three key points.

One is the price of oil.

  • for the foreseeable future – w dającej się przewidzieć przyszłości
  • key suppliers – najważniejsi dostawcy
  • low demand for … – niski popyt na …
  • faltering demand – wahające się/ niestabilne zapotrzebowanie / popyt

Always an obsession with airline bosses, fuel will be cheap for the foreseeable future. The oil industry is characterized by geopolitics between key suppliers Saudi Arabia and Russia. Unfortunately, recession means low demand for goods, services like air travel, and commodities such as oil. Whatever the producers choose to do, fuel will be cheap even as demand falters.

Second is safety when travelling – and here, the signs are not good.

  • development of a coronavirus vaccine – opracowanie szczepionki na koronawirus
  • remedy – lek
  • decade – dziesięciolecie / dekada
  • regardless of … – niezależnie od …
  • take measures to protect – podejmować działania aby chronić

Don’t hold out hope for fast  development of a coronavirus vaccine; talk of having such a remedy within a year to 18 months is coming from politicians and business people – not from scientists, whose experience points to decades. Regardless of the measures taken to protect people in airports and on board, the Covid-19 experience is going to leave many people afraid  of travelling, except when they need to.

  • risk aversion – niechęć do podejmowania ryzyka
  • they will be reluctant to expect – będą niechętni oczekiwaniu / wymaganiu
  • cautious – ostrożny

Risk aversion will be especially notable in business travel; companies will be reluctant to expect employee travel. Experience suggests that another pandemic will hit sooner rather than later, and remind everybody to be cautious.

Third, pure economics

  • reluctance to travel for non-essential purposes – niechęć do podróżowania w celach, które nie są niezbędne/konieczne
  • debt fueled spending – wydawanie środków finansowanych zadłużeniem
  • widespread unemployment – powszechne bezrobocie
  • job insecurity – niepewność zatrudnienia

It will reinforce reluctance to travel for non-essential purposes. The coming recession is already blowing away all  nice-but-not-necessary debt-fuelled spending. Before the pandemic struck, consumer and corporate debt was already at alarming  level. Now, widespread unemployment and job insecurity will only establish an instinct to save rather than spend.

  • 0:46′ ban on … – zakaz …
  • 2:48′ thin margin – niska marża
  • 3:03′ incite to buy – skłonić do zakupu
  • 3:46′ lay off – zwolnić z pracy
  • 4:04′ incur costs – ponosić koszty
  • 5:08 it will take an awful lot of time – to będzie trwało bardzo długo

OBEJRZYJ TUTAJ: ciekawy wywiad na temat przyszłości lotnictwa

Moduł językowy przygotowany na podstawie artykułu ‘Has a Golden Age of Travel Passed’, opublikowanego na flightglobal.com

 

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Life Imprisonment for Raising Alarm on board. Law/ Aviation (dostęp otwarty)

W tym wpisie zaznaczamy wyłącznie słowa i wyrażenia, które ilustrują wykorzystanie terminologii prawniczej w kontekście lotnictwa, odnoszą się do często podnoszonej na egzaminie tematyki zagrożeń ze strony niebezpiecznych pasażerów.

WYMOWA SŁÓW I WYRAŻEŃ:

  • sentence to life in prison- skazać na wyrok dożywotniego więzienia
  • hijack threat- groźba porwania
  • result in emergency landing- spowodować/zakończyć się lądowaniem awaryjnym

An Indian businessman was sentenced to life in prison on Tuesday for a hijack threat on a domestic flight in 2017 that resulted in an emergency landing.

  • resident- mieszkaniec/ citizen- obywatel
  • charge sb. with/ for  sth.- postawić komuś zarzut ______
  • pose threat to safety- stanowić (być) zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa
  • fine- grzywna/ wymierzyć grzywnę
  • compensation to the crew and passengers- odszkodowanie dla załogi i pasażerów
Birju Kishor Salla, a resident of Mumbai, was arrested and charged for posing a threat to the safety of passengers and crew on board a plane. He was also fined 50 million rupees ($720,000), which a special court ruled would be given ascompensation to the crew and passengers.
  • get compensation – otrzymać odszkodowanie
The 2017 incident, on a flight from Mumbai to New Delhi, resulted in the grounding of the plane belonging to the now-defunct Jet Airways airline. Each pilot will get compensation of 100,000 rupees out of the fine amount, while each member of the cabin crew will receive 50,000 rupees, and each passenger will be paid 25,000 rupees.
  • pass act – przyjąć prawo/ ustawę
  • tighten (previous) legislation – zaostrzyć (dotychczas) obowiązujące prawo
Salla’s case was the first one registered under India’s new anti-hijacking act passed in 2016. The latest law has tightened previous legislation and expands the scope of the expression ‘hijacking’ to include threats.
  • explosives – materiały wybuchowe
The NIA stated in court that a female flight attendant “found a threat note in the washroom of the business class of the plane which stated that, ‘There are hijackers on board and explosives on the plane.’ The plane immediately called for an emergency landing.
  • attempt to seize control of an aircraft – próba przejęcia kontroli nad statkiem powietrznym
  • make threats/ threaten – grozić 
Investigators were able to trace the note to Salla and charged him last year for attempting to seize control of an aircraft and for making threats.
  • intentionally commit the offense – umyślnie popełnić przestępstwo
  • disrupt the operation – zakłócić przebieg lotu
  • jeopardize the safety – stanowić realne zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa
It was later established that accused Salla intentionally committed the offense of disrupting the operation of aircraft, jeopardizing the safety of the passengers and crew members on board.
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Digital Tower at the Airport. Technology / Aviation (dostęp abonamentowy)

London’s  City Airport, one of the busiest single-runway airports in Europe, will have the full digital display  ATC facility open in January 2020.

  • This was announced already some time ago but this week’s news amazed the world:  ATC personnel won’t actually be located on the airport any longer.
  • They’ll be 80 miles away in the building in Shanwick that already houses other ATC functions. A system of 14 high definition cameras at the airport will feed the remote ATC operation, as well as remote radios and radar feeds.
  • London City controllers will direct traffic by looking at any of the 14 HD screens in the control room in Shanwick.

The article: 

  • safe separation between arriving and departing aircraft – bezpieczna odległość/ separacja pomiędzy lądującymi a startującymi samolotami
  • delay – opóźnienie

Additional data safety measures will ensure there’s no loss of safe separation between arriving and departing aircraft. For instance, because controllers depend on the video feeds from the airport’s cameras, the data are being sent through dedicated secure connections that create less than a one-second delay to the HD displays in the control room.

Watch HERE the presentation

  • on the remaining 13 screens – na pozostałych 13 ekranach/ monitorach 
  • replacing a dead screen – wymiana niedziałającego/ zepsutego ekranu/ monitora
  • fill the gap – uzupełnić brak/ lukę
  • impenetrable fog – uniemożliwiająca widoczność/ nieprzenikniona mgła

If any of the HD displays in the control room should fail, the system will work around the bad screen and offer controllers the best view possible on the remaining 13. Replacing a dead screen takes just 10 minutes. Should a camera fail, backups will jump into action tofill the gap. And of course, if the entire digital display system should fail, controllers still have radios and radar to fall back on, much like they do now when London’s nearly impenetrable fog covers the airport.

  • 0:16′ ensure that all aircraft can take off, land and move around the airfield safely – zapewnić, że wszystkie samoloty mogą bezpiecznie startować, lądować i poruszać się po lotnisku
  • 0:30′ digital air traffic control system – cyfrowy system kontroli lotów
  • 0:37′ enhance operational safety and efficiency – zwiększyć bezpieczeństwo i wydajność operacyjną
  • 0:56′ cutting-edge proven technology – nowatorska i sprawdzona technologia

Watch HERE the fantastic film presenting LCA digital tower project: LINK

Moduł opracowany na podstawie: flyingmag.com/ ‚London City Airport Control Tower Has Backups’

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Boeing MAX Flying Again…? Technology / Aviation (dostęp otwarty)

  • carry out test flights – przeprowadzać loty testowe / sprawdzające
  • rigorous process – dokładny / szczegółowy / wymagający proces
  • update software – poprawione / zaktualizowane oprogramowanie
  • training requirements – wymagania szkoleniowe

Sources within Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) say that 737 MAX recertification test flights  could be carried out next Monday. This means the series of flights and this upcoming recertification activity will primarily apply to flying within the United States.

Boeing spokesman says: Our team continues to work closely with global regulators on the rigorous process they have laid out for certifying the updated software and training requirements. The regulators determine the ultimate timeline.

  • on the track to win the clearance – na dobrej drodze do uzyskania pozwolenia / zezwolenia / dopuszczenia
  • carrier – przewoźnik
  • set the process ustalić procedurę / wyznaczyć, etc.
  • demand design changes – wymagać zmian projektowych

However, civil aviation authorities outside the United States may set their own recertification processes for the aircraft – meaning potentially different timelines for carriers outside the US. European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is just one example of another agency that will want to carry out its own recertification process.  The Seattle Times reports that regulators in Europe and Canada have demanded design changes to the flight control systems on the 737 MAX. These changes go beyond fixing the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS).

  • identify a number of issues requiring redesign – wskazać wiele obszarów wymagających zmian projektowych
  • conduct own independent safety assessment – przeprowadzić niezależną ocenę bezpieczeństwa

EASA and Transport Canada have identified a number of issues requiring redesign. The two regulators will conduct their own independent safety assessments of the MAX recertification rather than automatically following the lead of the FAA.

Moduł językowy opracowany na podstawie artykułu ‘737 MAX Recertification Flight Preparations Underway’, opublikowanego na simpleflying.com

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China Takes Back to the Skies. Business/ Aviation (dostęp otwarty)

  • sharp increase of domestic flights – znaczący wzrost ilości lotów krajowych
  • imply recovery – oznaczać/ wskazywać na wyjście z kryzysu/ powrót, etc.
  • passenger volumes growth – wzrost ilości pasażerów (czasownik: grow-grew-grown)

OMÓWIENIE WYMOWY:

The domestic market is seeing over 6,000 daily flights from all airlines, implying a recovery of around half. Domestic flights sharply increased in March passenger volumes grew.

  • narrow body aircraft – samolot wąskokadłubowy
  • widebodies – samoloty szerokokadłubowe

On the Shanghai-Guangzhou route, China Eastern in May plans to mostly use narrowbody aircraft. By early June it expects widebodies to operate almost all flights, its schedules show.

  • report- podać do wiadomości/ poinformować/ wykazać
  • loss- strata (czasownik: lose-lost-lost)
  • epidemic outbreak period – okres wybuchu epidemii (czasownik: break out – broke out) 
  • traffic fell by … – ruch zmalał/ spadł o …

China Eastern reported  loss in the first quarter, covering the epidemic outbreak period. Traffic fell by 54% .

  • in contrast to … – w przeciwieństwie do …
  • reduce flights – zamknąć… /wycofać połączenia
  • fly four routes – latać na czterech trasach

In contrast to Asia’s growth, United is further reducing many European flights this summer, but will add three weekly San Francisco-Frankfurt flights on June 4 and three weekly Newark-Paris services on June 5. United wants to fly four routes, three from San Francisco to Beijing Capital, Chengdu and Shanghai Pudong, and a fourth from Newark to Shanghai.

0:11′ standardized cleaning process – jednolity proces utrzymania czystości

0:13′ local authorities –  lokalne władze

0:22′ aircraft general cleaning done on a  daily basis –  codzienne czyszczenie statku powietrznego 

0:26′ aircraft disinfection process –  proces dezynfekcji statku powietrznego

0:44′ they operate in two sub-teams within the team –  pracują w dwóch podzespołach  w ramach jednego zespołu

0:58′ cross contamination – zanieczyszczenie/ zakażenie krzyżowe

1:01′ bacteria spread – rozprzestrzenianie/ rozsiewanie bakterii

1:441′ filter out viral and bacterial contaminants – wychwycić/ filtrować zanieczyszczenia bakteryjne i wirusowe

1:45′ ensure that passengers travel safely and comfortably – zapewnić pasażerom bezpieczną i komfortową podróż

1:49′ our aircraft are safe in terms of … – nasze samoloty są bezpieczne pod względem …

Watch here the film on Air Asia covid-19 safety measures

Moduł językowy przygotowany na podstawie wielu źródeł, m.in forbes.com flightglobal.com

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United Airlines Aid to New York. Business / Aviation (dostęp otwarty)

Z prowadzonego przeze mnie improve-your-aviation-English-blog na stronie icao4u.pl + dużo fajnego słownictwa biznesowego

  • offer free flights to medical volunteers – oferować ochotnikom medycznym darmowe loty
  • outbreak of epidemic – wybuch epidemii
  • fight off … more effectively –  zwalczać … bardziej skutecznie
  • committed to the cause – oddany sprawie / zaangażowany
  • develop medical flight program – opracować/ wdrożyć plan lotów medycznych
  • meet demand – sprostać potrzebom

In cooperation with the city of New York, United Airlines will be offering free flights to medical volunteers wishing to travel to New York to help with the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic. Thanks to it additional medical staff will allow the city to fight off the coronavirus more effectively. It is clear that United is committed to this cause as  it is looking to further develop this medical flight program. It will develop in “additional areas in the Tri-State region” to meet demand in other regions.

  • free round-trip – darmowy lot powrotny
  • provide adequate housing – zapewnić odpowiednie zakwaterowanie
  • perform roles effectively – skutecznie wykonywać zadania
  • lend support- oferować pomoc / wsparcie

The airline will offer a free round-trip to medical volunteers. However, it is also working with local governments to help provide adequate housing and transport to ensure that these volunteers perform their roles effectively.

“The New Yorkers working on the frontlines of COVID-19 have been and continue to be incredibly brave and tireless in their efforts. To know there are health care heroes across the country who are willing to step in and lend their support, and that United stands ready to fly them here, is wonderfully heartening. The Mayor’s Fund is deeply grateful for our trusted partners in the business community during these trying times.”

WATCH HERE the incredible Antonov’s departure with Russian aid to the United States

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The First Electric Airline. Business / Aviation / Technology (dostęp otwarty)

Summary:

  • The regional battery-powered airline with 40 seaplanes operates half-hour flights carrying up to 19 passengers between Vancouver, Seattle and communities in coastal British Columbia.
  • The short flights make it well-suited for a battery-powered engine.  
  • The aircraft is able to fly for 30 minutes with a 30-minute reserve on a one-hour charge.
  • They will plug-in and charge at the Vancouver Harbour Flight Centre dock, and pull from BC Hydro, the provincial energy utility’s hydroelectric power grid, itself a renewable source of energy.

Film + Vocabulary

Film TUTAJ na temat konceptu pierwszej elektrycznej linii lotniczej:)

  • 0:26′ instant – natychmiastowy
  • 0:26′ torque – moment obrotowy
  • 0:34′ electric propulsion – napęd elektryczny
  • 0:42′ way more expensive – o wiele bardziej drogi
  • 0:54′ sustainability – ekologiczność / 1:01′ sustainable – ekologiczny
  • 1:07′ short hauls – krótkie loty
  • 1:28′ venture – przedsięwzięcie
  • 1:40′ designed from scratch – zaprojektowany od podstaw / od początku

Text:

  • on the environmental benefit side – z punktu widzenia korzyści dla środowiska
  • in the long run – na dłuższą metę
  • make flights affordable – sprawić, że loty są dostępne cenowo
  • large audience – szeroka grupa odbiorców

On the environmental benefit side, there is zero carbon burn. In the long run, the operating economics will allow us to make more flights more affordable for a larger audience. Consider travel between Seattle and Pullman, Wash., the home of Washington State University. It’s a five-hour drive to see my daughter, but an expensive $450 commercial flight. An electric plane is so much cheaper to operate and the result is lower fares— maybe $100 return. There are thousands of cities in the United States where it is inconvenient to drive between them but too costly to fly.

  • effcient – wydajny
  • business case – projekt ciekawy biznesowo

If you can find an aerodynamically efficient aircraft like the Beaver seaplane that Harbour Air flies, or, say, a lightweight composite aircraft, there is a business case for this mission profile

  • advance climate-friendly policies – rozwijać projekty / strategie przyjazne dla środowiska
  • expeditious – sprawny / szybki / wydajny

Our city wants to advance climate-friendly policies in anexpeditious way, so we celebrated their achievement

  • signal a change – zapowiadać zmianę

The most exciting thing about this flight for me personally is that it signals a change in how we look at aviation, and how my kids will travel in the future

Wpis blogowy opracowany na podstawie artykułu ‚Is 63 Year-Old Seaplane With an Electric Engine the Future of Air Travel?’ opublikowanego na nytimes.com

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